Magnetization Transfer Ratio in the Typically Developing Pediatric Spinal Cord: Normative Data and Age Correlation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study presents automated atlas-based magnetization transfer (MT) measurements of the typically developing pediatric cervical spinal cord (SC). We report normative MT ratio (MTR) values from the whole cervical cord white matter (WM) and WM tracts, examining variations with age, sex, height, and weight. METHODS: MT scans of 33 healthy females (mean age = 12.8) and 22 males (mean age = 13.09) were acquired from the cervical SC (C2-C7) using a 3.0 T MRI. Data were processed using the SC Toolbox, segmented, and registered to the PAM50 template. Affine and non-rigid transformations co-registered the PAM50 WM atlas to subject-specific space. MTRs were measured for the specific WM tracts (left and right dorsal fasciculus gracilis, dorsal fasciculus cuneatus, and lateral corticospinal tracts [LCST]) and the whole WM. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and unpaired t-tests (p < 0.05) assessed relationships with age, height, weight, and sex. RESULTS: Normative MTR measurements were obtained from all regions. The coefficients of variation were low to moderate. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found across all the cervical levels. However, significant sex differences were observed in whole WM (p = 0.04) and LCST (p = 0.03). MTR values correlated positively with age, with significant correlations at C5 (r = 0.3, p false discovery rate = 0.04). A decreasing trend in MTR values across levels was found for whole WM (r = -0.2, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an understanding of MTR values in pediatric cervical SC and their variations by sex, age, height, and weight, providing a baseline for comparisons in pediatric SC diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".