The Cardiff Eye Shape Analysis Protocol (CESAP): Producing a digital representation of the anterior ocular surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To develop a method for accurate 3-dimensional (3D) representation of the anterior ocular surface (AOS) based on ocular impression and reverse engineering of an AOS plaster biomodel. Methods: An AOS plaster biomodel was fabricated using ocular impression and a developed casting support device (CSD) and landmark registration element (LRE) to stabilise and consistently fix the impression casting tray within the casting support during the casting process. The touch-trigger probe on a co-ordinate measurement machine (CMM) digitised the AOS plaster biomodel to represent the AOS shape. The CSD and LRE were manufactured using an Additive Manufacturing selective laser sintering (SLS) process. A single stainless-steel ball (diameter: 22 mm) was cast as a surrogate AOS biomodel using polyvinylsiloxane impression material. The surrogate biomodel which was used to evaluate material selection and stability of the AOS biomodels fabricated using the CSD and LRE, and to evaluate repeatability and reproducibility of the point cloud data collection methods. The points of circular profiles were measured at different Z values in mm: z = -1 mm, z = -2 mm, z = - 3 mm, z = -4 mm and z = -5 mm. Results: The measurements were highly repeatable with an acceptable tolerance. For the typical case of the surrogate AOS biomodel, the average distance of the digitised points to the best-fit sphere of all the digitised points from four measurements ranges from 0.002 to 0.010 mm. The shrinkage study of the surrogate AOS biomodels was conducted, with measurements taken one month apart for comparison. The analysis results showed that most of the surrogate AOS biomodels reduced in size but within an acceptable tolerance, in which the mean error is from 0.005 to 0.010 mm for the 2D circular profiles measured at Z = -4 mm. Conclusions: The Cardiff Eye Shape Analysis Protocol (CESAP) provides a repeatable and consistent method for producing solid, white-plaster, representations of a plaster cast AOS biomodel. Casting an impression in white plaster (Novadur™) produces a consistent surrogate AOS biomodel of a single stainless-steel 22 mm diameter ball. CESAP can be used as a framework for consistently converting an ocular impression into a 'real' AOS model that can be reverse-engineered to create 3D CAD models of the AOS shape for potential applications in optical image (topographer) calibration, prosthetic shell and scleral lens design, and AOS database development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".