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Record W4407320582 · doi:10.3390/app15041793

Large Language Models in Computer Science Classrooms: Ethical Challenges and Strategic Solutions

2025· article· en· W4407320582 on OpenAlex
Rina Azoulay, Tirza Hirst, Shulamit Reches

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Sciences · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicSoftware Engineering Techniques and Practices
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersUniversity of Waterloo
KeywordsEngineering ethicsComputer scienceManagement scienceMathematics educationPsychologyEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into educational settings represents a significant technological breakthrough, offering substantial opportunities alongside profound ethical challenges. Higher education institutions face the widespread use of these tools by students, requiring them to navigate complex decisions regarding their adoption. This includes determining whether to allow the use of LLMs, defining their appropriate scope, and establishing guidelines for their responsible and ethical application. In the context of computer science education, these challenges are particularly acute. On the one hand, the capabilities of LLMs significantly enhance the tools available to developers and software engineers. On the other hand, students’ over-reliance on LLMs risks hindering their development of foundational skills. This study examines these challenges and proposes strategies to regulate the use of LLMs while upholding academic integrity. It focuses on the specific impact of LLMs in programming education, where dependence on AI-generated solutions may erode active learning and essential skill acquisition. Through a comprehensive literature review and drawing on teaching experience and guidelines from global institutions, this study contributes to the broader discourse on the integration of these advanced technologies into educational environments. The goal is to enhance learning outcomes while ensuring the development of competent, ethical software professionals.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.868
Threshold uncertainty score0.368

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.311
Teacher spread0.258 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it