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Record W4407349274 · doi:10.1176/appi.prcp.20240128

On Minimizing Risk and Harm in the Use of Psychedelics

2025· article· en· W4407349274 on OpenAlexafffund
Jules Evans, Marc Aixalà, B. Anderson, William Brennan, Rebecka Bremler, Joost J. Breeksema, Lisa Burback, Abigail E. Calder, Robin Carhart‐Harris, Katherine Cheung, Neşe Devenot, Ingmar Gorman, Jakub Greń, Peter S. Hendricks, Brian Holoyda, Edward Jacobs, Joy Krecké, Daniel J. Kruger, David Luke, Tomislav Majić, Amy L. McGuire, Nicky J. Mehtani, David S. Mathai, Kristin Nash, Tehseen Noorani, Roman Palitsky, Oliver Robinson, Otto Simonsson, Elin Stahre, Michiel van Elk, David B. Yaden

Bibliographic record

VenuePsychiatric Research and Clinical Practice · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicPsychedelics and Drug Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
FundersUniversity of California, San FranciscoUniversitair Medisch Centrum GroningenFundação BialKarolinska InstitutetJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUniversité de FribourgNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNational Institutes of HealthRijksuniversiteit GroningenUniversiteit LeidenUniversity of OxfordUniversity at BuffaloSteven and Alexandra Cohen FoundationImperial College LondonJohns Hopkins UniversityUniversity of ExeterUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of GreenwichEmory UniversityJoseph Ben Shimon FoundationAgricultural Technology Adoption InitiativeJohn Templeton Foundation
KeywordsHarmRisk analysis (engineering)PsychologyActuarial scienceBusinessSocial psychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Objective: This article outlines recommendations from 30 psychedelic researchers on how to create a better psychedelic safety net. Methods: A survey of 30 psychedelic researchers asked them to identify key critical research gaps around psychedelic harm and safety. Results: The critical research gaps identified by the authors included defining the main types of psychedelic harm, the predictors of those harms, and the most effective way to treat those harms. They also call for better support for those experiencing post-psychedelic difficulties, including better online information, peer support groups, affordable therapy, and psychiatric consultation and medication. Finally, the authors call for better funding to create a psychedelic safety net, and suggest psychedelic philanthropists, investors and companies could commit 1% of their investment in psychedelics into supporting safety measures such as research and support services. Conclusions: The authors identify several practical steps to create a better psychedelic safety net and call for more funding to psychedelic safety measures such as research and support services. Relevance to clinical practice: The authors outline important gaps in our knowledge around the safety and risk profile of psychedelic medicines and identify practical steps forward for researchers and clinical practitioners to make this promising field safer.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.106
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.228
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.106
Threshold uncertainty score0.563

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.1060.228
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.002
Bibliometrics0.0030.002
Science and technology studies0.0060.011
Scholarly communication0.0080.014
Open science0.0040.010
Research integrity0.0100.010
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0120.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.361
GPT teacher head0.587
Teacher spread0.226 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations18
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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