ASKAP EMU radio detection of the reflection Nebula VdB-80 in the Monoceros crossbones filamentary structure
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present a new radio detection from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) survey associated with the Reflection Nebula (RN) VdB-80. The radio detection is determined to be a previously unidentified H ii region, now named Lagotis . The RN is located towards Monoceros, centred in the molecular cloud feature known as the ‘Crossbones’. The 944 MHz EMU image shows a roughly semicircular H ii region with an integrated flux density of 30.2 $\pm$ 0.3 mJy. The H ii region is also seen at 1.4 GHz by NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS), yielding an estimated spectral index of 0.65 $\pm$ 0.51, consistent with thermal radio emission. Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) data give a distance to the stars associated with the H ii region of $\sim$ 960 pc. This implies a size of 0.76 $\times$ 0.68( $\pm$ 0.09) pc for the H ii region. We derive an H ii region electron density of the bright radio feature to be 26 cm $^{-3}$ , requiring a Lyman-alpha photon flux of $10^{45.6}$ s $^{-1}$ , which is consistent with the expected Lyman flux of HD 46060, the B2 ii type star which is the likely ionising star of the region. The derived distance to this region implies that the Crossbones feature is a superposition of two filamentary clouds, with Lagotis embedded in the far cloud.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it