Nanoencapsulation, biocompatibility and antibiofilm properties of chitosan/nisin Z spheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To study antibiofilm formation properties and biocompatibility of nisin Z for oral applications by encapsulating it in a highly muco-adhesive chitosan nanosphere and testing its effects against a multispecies biofilm and in vitro wound healing assay. Nisin Z was encapsulated in chitosan. Encapsulation parameters were evaluated using dynamic light scattering and visualised with microscopy. The effects on biofilm growth were tested using a Calgary biofilm device against a five species biofilm model. The effects on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) growth and migration were examined using an Idibi (500 nm gap) migration assay and the percentage of gap closure measured using ImageJ. 20,000 IU/ml (0.525 mg/ml production concentration) nisin Z in a 1:40 ratio of TPP:chitosan produced optimal nanospheres with a low polydispersity index of 0.498 and average size of 264.8 nm. The freeze-dried nanospheres have a dose-dependent effect on biofilm formation, significantly reducing biofilm attachment compared to the positive control. No colonies were observed for chitosan/nisin Z nanospheres at > 6.25 mg/ml. HGFs in the control and 1000 IU nisin Z (unencapsulated) groups showed the most gap closure. The treatment group containing 50 mg/ml chitosan/nisin Z nanospheres showed gap closure comparable to the control. Chitosan/nisin Z nanospheres were produced with antibiofilm activity with > 6.25 mg/ml nanospheres, while up to 50 mg/ml had no significant effect on HGF gap closure in vitro . Thus, nanoencapsulated nisin Z has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of periodontitis. • Creates a nisin Z antimicrobial nanosphere for intra-oral applications. • Sodium tripolyphosphate, chitosan and nisin Z ratios which results in low polydispersity index and small average size nanoparticles are defined. • Investigates the in vitro effects of chitosan nano-encapsulated nisin Z in a wound healing model. • Defines the minimum biofilm inhibition concentration of chitosan/nisin Z nanospheres on a 5 species supra-gingival biofilm model. • Demonstrates chitosan alone has some antimicrobial activity suggesting a synergistic effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".