Quantitative characterization of spontaneous and forced imbibition during soaking process in tight oil reservoirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the soaking process after hydraulic fracturing in tight reservoirs, the imbibition between matrix and fracture is an important mechanism for enhancing oil recovery. The soaking pressure acts on the matrix-fracture system in the form of external pressure difference to establish a dynamic-imbibition process. In this study, a core-scale numerical model is developed based on experimental data to study the dynamic-imbibition mechanism under non-zero initial water saturation quantitatively. The simulation results show that the enhancement extent of capillary pressure to the matrix oil mobilization is more significant under conditions of higher external pressure difference. Furthermore, the contributions of spontaneous imbibition (SI) and forced imbibition (FI) to the mobilization of matrix oil are 8.74% and 91.24% respectively. Then, effects of the oil-water viscosity ratio (VROW), matrix initial water saturation (MIWS), and fracture on SI and FI are analyzed in depth. As the MIWS increases from 0.27 (bound water) to 0.3, SI and FI decrease by 64.43% and 10.01%. The increase of VROW, MIWS, and fracture number tends to enhance the contribution of FI. This work is pivotal for gaining profound insights into imbibition and improving tight oil recovery through hydraulic fracturing development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".