Tomato responses to nitrogen, drought and combined stresses: Shared and specific effects on vascular plant anatomy, nutrient partitioning and amino acids profile
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crops are often subjected to various abiotic stresses and interactions between them may occur, but how plants cope with them remains poorly understood. This study explored how combined nitrogen and drought stress impact tomato vascular stem anatomy, nutrient partitioning and amino acids profile. Tomato seedlings were exposed to control (CTR; 100N+100%W), N stress (N; 50%N), drought stress (W; 50%W), or combined stress (N+W; 50%N+50%W) for 27 days. All treatments similarly reduced the phloem and xylem areas. Plants under N+W stress exhibited increased root synthesis of asparagine and arginine (up to 230% compared to W stress and 66% compared to N stress) and showed a higher reallocation and synthesis of osmolytes such as K + and proline, respectively. This, along with the specific increase in other amino acids related to osmoregulation (alanine, tyrosine and phenylalanine), contributed to an enhanced stomatal closure and lower transpiration rate compared to W stressed plants. Conversely, N stressed plants responded mainly through N remobilization from the photosynthetic machinery, leading to decreased chlorophyll content (up to 32%) and photosynthetic rate (up to 57%). Under single W stress, plants invested more in the root system as a strategy to increase W and nutrients’ uptake, compared to those grown under N+W stress, and maintained the photosynthetic rate at the level of CTR plants. It is concluded that tomato plants employed distinct mechanisms for reallocating nitrogen and regulating osmosis to withstand either single or combined stresses and that amino acids and nutrients’ homeostasis have an important role in these processes. • Phloem and xylem areas had a conserved response to single and combined N+W stress • Mechanisms for N reallocation and osmosis regulation depended on stress type • N+W stress had a higher reallocation of osmolytes such as K + toward the shoots • N+W stress boosted specific root amino acids synthesis compared to single stresses • Plants under N and N+W stress shared a similar leaf amino acid profile
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".