Impact of pretreatments on the techno-functional properties and in vitro digestibility of Palmaria palmata proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our previous study developed microwave digestion (MD), acid hydrolysis (AH) and probe ultrasonication (PU), combined with alkaline solubilization and acidic precipitation (ASAP), as efficient methods for protein extraction from the red seaweed Palmaria palmata . This study investigated the effects of these methods on the techno-functional and nutritional properties of the extracted proteins. Notably, MD and AH significantly increased ( p < 0.05) in vitro digestibility to 11.6±0.8% and 14.4±0.7%, respectively, compared to control (6.3±0.8%). The MD and AH-treated samples enhanced emulsifying activity from 0.31±0.01 (control) to 0.93±0.05 and 0.87±0.02, respectively ( p < 0.05). Fat-holding capacities of MD and AH-proteins significantly elevated by 12.9% and 3.2% ( p < 0.05). MD and AH-proteins exhibited unfolding and flexible structures, as indicated by reduced α-helix content, increased random coils, increased free sulfhydryl content, and a red shift in fluorescence spectra. Compared to the control, PU significantly improved forming capacity from 240.0±0.0% to 293.0±23.1% ( p < 0.05), while demonstrating the highest foaming stability among all samples. The improved foaming capacity and stability is due to reduced α-helical structures, decreased surface hydrophobicity, and a blue shift in fluorescence spectra. This study demonstrates that MD, AH and PU, combined with ASAP, effectively enhance the techno-functionality and nutrition quality of red seaweed proteins, promoting their use as a dietary protein alternative. • MD and AH significantly improved in vitro protein digestibility compared to Control. • Emulsifying activity tripled in MD- and AH-proteins, enhancing emulsion stability by 24.7%. • Probe ultrasonication improved foaming capacity and achieved the highest foaming stability. • MD- and AH-proteins' functionality and digestibility improved due to their flexible, unfolding structures. • These methods increased the viability of red seaweed proteins for food applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".