A pilot investigation on inflammatory markers and theta burst stimulation protocol interaction along a three-month recovery course following an isolated upper limb fracture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) on inflammatory markers in patients with isolated upper limb fractures (IULF). Participants underwent a 10-day TBS intervention following a randomized matched pair design. Blood samples collected at three time points were analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers, mainly including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-1β, and IL-6. Results revealed a significant interaction between TBS and time for IL-1Ra, indicating a more pronounced decrease in IL-1Ra expression over time in the active TBS group. However, IL-6 levels decreased over time regardless of TBS intervention, suggesting a natural decline in response to injury. No significant interaction was found for IL-1β. While IL-1Ra levels were associated with higher functional disability prior to treatment initiation, active TBS intervention led to a decrease of IL-1Ra levels at both follow-up time points. These changes were not associated with alterations in pain or disability, suggesting that TBS may primarily influence recovery processes independent of pain modulation. Notably, IL-1β levels were negatively correlated with disability in the active TBS group at the 3-month follow-up. This study sheds light on the potential of TBS to modulate inflammatory responses in orthopedic trauma, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate its therapeutic implications. Clinical Significance: TBS may offer a promising adjunctive therapy for promoting functional recovery in patients with upper limb fractures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".