Use of inhaled ciclesonide for treatment of moderate asthma in Thoroughbred racehorses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mild-moderate asthma is common in horses. Inhaled ciclesonide has been approved only for treatment of severe asthma in horses. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a 10-day treatment course of inhaled ciclesonide (Aservo EquiHaler) would improve clinical signs, endoscopic tracheal mucus scores, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology in racehorses with moderate asthma. ANIMALS: Racehorses with moderate asthma housed at the Emerald Downs Racetrack in Auburn, WA. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study. Horses received inhaled ciclesonide (n = 12) or placebo (n = 9) for 10 days. Clinical signs were assessed at different times using the Tesarowski and HOARSI scores and cough during exercise. Endoscopy scoring, BALF cytology, and BALF cell selected gene expression (RT-qPCR) were assessed on Days 0 and 10. Linear and ordinal simple and mixed effects models were used to analyze the data using R statistical software. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Only treated horses showed a decrease over time in HOARSI (P ≤ .001), cough (P = .001; -2.83 [-4.37, -1.29]), mast cell % (P = .03; -2.68 [-4.36, -1.0]) and relative expression of IL-6 (P = .002; 0.44 [0.04, -6.99]) and IL-13 (P = .03; 0.52 [0.04, -7.89]) in BAL cells. Treated horses had lower HOARSI (P = .002; -1 [1, 1]) and mast cell % (P = .02; -2.96 [-5.52, -0.39]) on Day 10. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Treatment with inhaled ciclesonide improved clinical signs and decreased BALF mastocytic inflammation in racehorses with moderate asthma without change in the environment. Treatment effect on neutrophilic or eosinophilic asthma remains undetermined. The small number of horses was a study limitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".