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Record W4407560583 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3655

Further Defining Optimal Pharmacist-to-Patient Ratios to Ensure Comprehensive Direct Patient Care in Medical and Surgical Units across British Columbia Hospitals

2025· article· en· W4407560583 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Saideng Lu, Michael Legal, Karen Dahri, Shazia Damji

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Canadian institutionsVancouver General Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPharmacistMedicinePatient careMedical emergencyFamily medicineNursingPharmacy

Abstract

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Background: Patient care ratios for pharmacists are not well defined in Canada. A recent work-sampling study involving 6 medium and large hospitals within the region served by Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, British Columbia, reported pharmacist-to-patient ratios of 1:13, 1:26, and 1:14 in internal medicine teaching units, hospitalist or internal medicine nonteaching units, and surgical units, respectively. Objective: To determine the pharmacist-to-patient ratios required to provide comprehensive pharmaceutical care to adult patients admitted to medical and surgical units in medium and large hospitals in British Columbia. Methods: In this cross-sectional electronic survey study, participants were asked to provide estimates of the time spent on and the frequency of 17 comprehensive pharmaceutical care tasks identified in the previous study, which was based on a Delphi method. The survey data were used to calculate pharmacy staffing ratios according to the World Health Organization workforce calculator. Results: Fifty-eight pharmacists responded to the survey, of whom 41 (71%) were from medium and large hospitals. The optimal pharmacist- to-patient ratios were calculated as 1:7 for internal medicine teaching units; 1:10 for internal medicine nonteaching, hospitalist, and family practice units; and 1:14 for surgical units. Conclusions: The pharmacist-to-patient ratios calculated in this study, using only pharmacists’ self-reported information, were lower than those found previously. Further research is required to determine whether completion of every comprehensive care task is necessary, or if staffing ratios should reflect combinations of comprehensive care tasks based on patient complexity. National consensus guidelines on pharmacist staffing ratios may be valuable, given the current lack of standardization of pharmacy staffing ratios in hospitals. Keywords: pharmacists, hospital pharmacy service, personnel staffing and scheduling, hospitals, workforce RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Les ratios de prise en charge des patients par les pharmaciens ne sont pas clairement définis au Canada. Une récente étude par échantillonnage du travail menée dans 6 hôpitaux de moyenne et grande taille dans la région desservie par les Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services en Colombie-Britannique a rapporté des ratios pharmacien-patients de 1:13 dans les unités d’enseignement de médecine interne, de 1:26 dans les unités de médecine interne ou d’hospitalisation sans enseignement, et de 1:14 dans les unités chirurgicales. Objectif : Déterminer les ratios pharmacien-patients nécessaires pour offrir des soins pharmaceutiques complets aux patients adultes admis dans les unités médicales et chirurgicales dans les hôpitaux de moyenne et grande taille en Colombie-Britannique. Méthodologie : Dans cette étude transversale menée à l’aide d’un sondage électronique, les participants ont été invités à estimer le temps et la fréquence consacrés à 17 tâches de soins pharmaceutiques complets, définies dans une étude précédente utilisant la méthode Delphi. Les données recueillies ont été utilisées pour calculer les ratios de personnel en pharmacie selon le calculateur de main-d’œuvre de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé. Résultats : Cinquante-huit pharmaciens ont répondu au sondage, dont 41 (71 %) provenaient d’hôpitaux de moyenne et grande taille. Les ratios pharmacien-patients optimaux ont été calculés comme suit : 1:7 pour les unités d’enseignement en médecine interne; 1:10 pour les unités non enseignantes de médecine interne, d’hospitalisation et de médecine familiale; et 1:14 pour les unités chirurgicales. Conclusions : Les ratios pharmacien-patients calculés dans cette étude, basés uniquement sur les informations autodéclarées des pharmaciens, étaient inférieurs à ceux trouvés précédemment. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer si l’accomplissement de chaque tâche de soins complets est indispensable, ou si les ratios de personnel devraient refléter des combinaisons de tâches de soins complets en fonction de la complexité des patients. Des lignes directrices nationales sur les ratios de personnel pharmaceutique pourraient être utiles, étant donnée l’absence actuelle de normalisation des ratios de personnel en pharmacie dans les hôpitaux. Mots-clés : pharmaciens, service de pharmacie hospitalière, dotation en personnel et planification des horaires, hôpitaux, main-d’œuvre

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.024
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.750
Threshold uncertainty score0.503

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.024
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.362
Teacher spread0.325 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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