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Record W4407569877 · doi:10.5539/apr.v17n1p1

The Fourth Dimension of Time and Gravity

2025· article· en· W4407569877 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Ittipat Roopkom, Pichet Wisartpong, Wirote Jongchanachavawat, Tawatchai Mayteevarunyoo, Paramote Wardkein

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Physics Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicRelativity and Gravitational Theory
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDimension (graph theory)Fourth DimensionGeodesyPhysicsSpacetimeGeologyMathematicsQuantum mechanics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This article presents a novel perspective on understanding the nature of time through the proposition of a new elementary particle called ‘Timeons.’ Timeons are hypothesized to be integrated with space, forming a unified matter known as spacetime. Spacetime is conceptualized as a singular entity encompassing three spatial dimensions (width, height, and depth), which expand infinitely, alongside one dimension of time influenced by the presence of Timeons. When matter moves within spacetime along any trajectory, it catalyzes the manifestation of time at that specific point. Considering time on an axis, it behaves as a one-dimensional continuum progressing forward along the arrow of time. Analysis suggests that Timeons are intermediary particles that transfer energy through spacetime, converting it into gravitational force acting upon matter. This intrinsic nature of Timeons within spacetime delineates the experience of matter’s time and exerts influence on gravitational forces affecting matter.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.233
Threshold uncertainty score0.278

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.340
Teacher spread0.317 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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