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Record W4407582084 · doi:10.5539/jms.v15n1p19

Optimizing Economic Integration: Unveiling the Impact of Income Potential on Canadian Immigrants

2025· article· en· W4407582084 on OpenAlexvenueaboutno aff
Sana Hayat, Philip Bigelow, Sonja Senthanar

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Management and Sustainability · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCanadian Policy and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsImmigrationEconomic integrationDemographic economicsEconomicsPolitical scienceInternational trade

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The success of immigrants in integrating into the workforce is crucial for Canada’s robust and diverse economy. This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the determinants of economic integration among immigrants in Canada, with a specific emphasis on their earning potential. Recognizing the significance of immigrant integration for a thriving and diverse Canadian economy, this research endeavors to investigate the relationships between various socio-demographic, linguistic, and educational factors and the economic success of immigrants. Through a systematic review of 84 pertinent studies published between 2000 and 2022, this paper identifies three distinct categories of immigrants, which serve as the focal points of analysis: (1) permanent immigrants or landed immigrants, (2) temporary/non-permanent residents holding study permits, and (3) temporary/non-permanent residents holding work permits. By employing cluster analysis, this research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between these factors and the economic outcomes of immigrants in Canada. This study contributes to the literature by offering a multidimensional framework for understanding the mechanisms that influence the economic integration of immigrants in Canada. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers, shedding light on the critical factors that facilitate or hinder the economic integration of immigrants in Canada, and ultimately informing strategies to promote their successful economic integration.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.014
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.047
Threshold uncertainty score0.344

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.014
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0040.007
Science and technology studies0.0050.002
Scholarly communication0.0050.002
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.293
Teacher spread0.286 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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