Spirituality and Cardiovascular Health in the HANDLS Study: Evidence for Within-race Differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study explored the associations between spiritual transcendence (ST)-prayer/meditation fulfillment, connectedness, and universality- and the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (LS7), and if variations across and within racial and socioeconomic groups emerged. METHODS: Data were taken from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study and included 1110 midlife and older African American and white adults [mean (SD) age=56.13 (8.91) y; 65.0% above poverty; 78.1% ≥high school education]. ST was self-reported. LS7 comprised physical activity, smoking, diet, body mass index, cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure. Higher LS7 reflects better cardiovascular health (CVH). Multiple linear regression estimated associations between ST and LS7. A 3-way interaction term (ST, race, and either education or poverty status) was included in models adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS: A 3-way interaction was observed for ST, race, and poverty status ( b =1.29, SE=0.35, p <.001). Simple slopes showed a positive association for white adults living above poverty only ( b =0.54, SE=0.15, p <.001). Exploratory analyses found a nonlinear 3-way interactive effect including ST, race, and age (ie, U-shaped; b =0.04, SE=0.02, p =.048). Both lesser and greater ST were associated with higher LS7 for older African American adults exclusively ( b =0.03, SE=0.01, p =.024). CONCLUSIONS: Although spirituality was associated with overall CVH, it was not beneficial for everyone equally. If tailored appropriately, the integration of spirituality into care practices may promote better CVH. ABBREVIATIONS: AA: African American, AHA: American Heart Association, BMI: body mass index, BP: blood pressure, CVD(s): cardiovascular disease(s), CVH: cardiovascular health, HANDLS: Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span, LS7: Life's Simple 7, M: mean, PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder, SES: socioeconomic status, ST: spiritual transcendence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.020 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".