Particle-particle interface corrosion of cold sprayed copper in dilute nitric acid solutions: geometry-controlled corrosion mechanism
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report here the mechanism of accelerated corrosion observed at the particle-particle interfaces (PPIs) of cold sprayed (CS) Cu exposed to dilute nitric acid. PPI corrosion is triggered by the oxide inclusions present along the PPIs. The accelerated corrosion at PPIs results from the combined effects of confined geometry and catalytic reactions, which involve the electrochemical dissolution of Cu and reduction of NO 3 − . Gas bubbles composed of N 2 O and NO form continually during PPI corrosion, indicating the ongoing reduction of NO 3 − . Annealing the CS Cu at 600 °C causes the oxide inclusions to coalesce, thereby breaking the interconnected oxide inclusion network. Consequently, the propagation of PPI corrosion is impeded. This work demonstrates how geometrical factors can determine the corrosion process and emphasizes the role of microstructural defects in the corrosion properties of additively manufactured materials.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it