Mn <sub>0.75</sub> Ru <sub>0.25</sub> O <sub>2</sub> with Low Ru Concentration for Active and Durable Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ruthenium has emerged as a promising alternative to iridium in water‐splitting anodes. However, it becomes overoxidized and dissolves at industry‐relevant working conditions. To enhance the activity and stability of electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction, an isostructural rutile MnRu oxide with low Ru concentration (Mn 0.75 Ru 0.25 O 2 ) is synthesized and an asymmetric Mn‐O‐Ru dual‐site active center is developed. It exhibits 154 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm −2 and can operate stably at 200 mA cm −2 for 670 h with a degradation rate of 29 uV/h −1 . A proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer achieves stable operation at 1 A cm −2 for 700 h with a degradation rate of 53 uV h −1 . Structural analysis and isotopic labeling correlate the asymmetric nature of the Mn‐O‐Ru dual‐site active center, which facilitates the oxygen evolution reaction along the radical coupling pathway, with the stabilization of the cations and the lattice oxygen in isostructural rutile Mn 0.75 Ru 0.25 O 2 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".