Impairments in geriatric assessment and their associations with different grip strength cutoffs and components of the Short Physical Performance Battery among older adults with cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The grip strength test is often used during geriatric assessment (GA) to assess muscle strength in older adults. However, it is unclear which grip strength cutoffs are most relevant to older adults in the context of GA. Physical performance during GA is often assessed via the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Whether the SPPB is superior to two of its individual components (4-m gait speed and the 5-chair stand test) for identifying GA abnormalities is unknown. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify which grip strength thresholds are associated with impairments in GA domains and with an abnormal GA overall and (ii) to examine whether total SPPB score is a stronger indicator of an abnormal GA and each of its domains than 4-m gait speed and the 5-chair stand test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of older adults with cancer aged ≥65 years who had undergone a GA prior to treatment. Grip strength and the SPPB were completed during GA. We examined three different grip strength cutoffs: (i) European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2); (ii) the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH); and (iii) the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC). Low SPPB was defined as a score of ≤9 out of 12 points. A score of ≤3 out of 4 points was used to identify abnormalities in the 4-m gait speed and 5-chair stand test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to address the study objectives. RESULTS: A total of 475 participants (mean age: 80.7 years, 42.9 % female) were included. The FNIH grip strength criteria had a higher discriminative ability of an abnormal GA (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.646) than the EWGSOP2 and the SDOC criteria. Compared to the SPPB and the 5-chair stand test, the 4-m gait speed was the strongest indicator of an abnormal GA (AUC = 0.737). The addition of low grip strength improved the performance of the SPPB (AUC Δ = +0.05) and gait speed (AUC Δ = +0.04) for identifying an abnormal GA. DISCUSSION: Low grip strength per the FNIH and slow gait speed are of clinical relevance during GA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".