Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of novel thymol ester compound
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• A novel thymol ester (E2) was synthesized by condensing thymol with indole-3-carboxylic acid in DCM at room temperature. • E2 exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and varying effectiveness against cancer cells. • E2 demonstrated stronger antioxidant scavenging capacity than thymol, especially at lower concentrations. • E2 better preserved normal muscle cells compared to thymol, suggesting safer therapeutic potential. Thymol and its derivatives have been proven in earlier studies to exhibit a broad range of biological activities, particularly given that many of them have therapeutic uses. This study focused on preparing a new ester of thymol, and the new compound was studied as antibacterial, anticancer and as antioxidant agent. Thymol was condensed with indole-3-carboxylic acid in DCM solvent at room temperature (25 °C) without catalyst to form the new thymol ester compound E2 (Fig. 1), and then the new compound was identified through FT-IR and NMR analysis, and the biological properties were tested and studied. The results showed that the novel E2 ester molecule was variably effective against all tested cancer and bacterial cells in different amounts. According to this study, thymol ester E2 preserved normal muscle cells more effectively than thymol. In contrast to thymol, the E2 derivative had superior efficacy against the Gram-positive bacteria under investigation ( S. aureus and S. epidermis ) in the antibacterial trial. Additionally, its inhibition zone was larger than Gentamicin against S. epidermis . Additionally, the E2 ester molecule exceeded thymol in an antioxidant assay for scavenging capacity at low concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".