Ground-to-AAV and RIS-Assisted AAV-to-Ground Communication Under Channel Aging: Statistical Characterization and Outage Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper studies the statistical characterization of ground-to-air (G2A) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted air-to-ground (A2G) communications in RIS-assisted AAV networks under the impact of channel aging. A comprehensive channel model is presented, which incorporates the time-varying fading, three-dimensional (3D) mobility, Doppler shifts, and the effects of channel aging on array antenna structures. We provide analytical expressions for the G2A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probability density function (PDF) and the corresponding cumulative distribution function (CDF), demonstrating that the G2A SNR follows a mixture of noncentral$\chi ^{2}$distributions. The A2G communication is characterized under RIS arbitrary phase-shift configurations, showing that the A2G SNR can be represented as the product of two correlated noncentral$\chi ^{2}$random variables (RVs). Additionally, we present the PDF and the CDF of the product of two independently distributed noncentral$\chi ^{2}$RVs, which accurately characterize the A2G SNR’s distribution. Our paper confirms the effectiveness of RIS-assisted communication in mitigating channel aging effects within the coherence time. Finally, we propose an adaptive spectral efficiency method that ensures consistent system performance and satisfactory outage levels when the AAV and the ground user equipment are in motion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".