A Review on the Role of Crystallographic Texture in Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Susceptibility in Pipeline Steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current review paper focused on the effect of crystallographic texture on hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steels through a literature review. Analyzing the effect of crystallographic texture on hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steel requires distinguishing between two types of crack propagation: intergranular and transgranular. In situations with limited grain boundary mobility at ambient temperature, transgranular crack propagation tends to be the prevailing mode. Grains oriented along <001> //ND in pipeline steels, characterized by less efficient atomic packing, increase the likelihood of transgranular crack propagation. On the contrary, grains oriented along <011> //ND and <111> //ND feature multiple slip systems, making crack propagation more challenging. Both intergranular and transgranular hydrogen-induced cracks can occur through various grain orientations, including <001> //ND, <011> //ND, and <111> //ND. This indicates that although crystallographic texture and grain orientation are significant factors in hydrogen-induced cracking propagation, they are not the exclusive determinants. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding and effective management of hydrogen-induced cracking require consideration of a range of microstructural features. The potential for intergranular crack propagation increases in situations where grain boundaries are high angle or possess high mobility. In such cases, a mismatch in the Taylor factor between adjacent grains can play a role in facilitating intergranular crack propagation. Finally, hydrogen atoms exhibit faster diffusion rates within grains oriented along <001> //ND and <101> //ND compared to those oriented along <111> //ND. However, there is no notable discrepancy in the diffusion behaviors between grains oriented along <001> //ND and <101> //ND.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".