A Review on the Role of Crystallographic Texture in Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Susceptibility in Pipeline Steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current review paper focused on the effect of crystallographic texture on hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steels through a literature review. Analyzing the effect of crystallographic texture on hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steel requires distinguishing between two types of crack propagation: intergranular and transgranular. In situations with limited grain boundary mobility at ambient temperature, transgranular crack propagation tends to be the prevailing mode. Grains oriented along <001> //ND in pipeline steels, characterized by less efficient atomic packing, increase the likelihood of transgranular crack propagation. On the contrary, grains oriented along <011> //ND and <111> //ND feature multiple slip systems, making crack propagation more challenging. Both intergranular and transgranular hydrogen-induced cracks can occur through various grain orientations, including <001> //ND, <011> //ND, and <111> //ND. This indicates that although crystallographic texture and grain orientation are significant factors in hydrogen-induced cracking propagation, they are not the exclusive determinants. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding and effective management of hydrogen-induced cracking require consideration of a range of microstructural features. The potential for intergranular crack propagation increases in situations where grain boundaries are high angle or possess high mobility. In such cases, a mismatch in the Taylor factor between adjacent grains can play a role in facilitating intergranular crack propagation. Finally, hydrogen atoms exhibit faster diffusion rates within grains oriented along <001> //ND and <101> //ND compared to those oriented along <111> //ND. However, there is no notable discrepancy in the diffusion behaviors between grains oriented along <001> //ND and <101> //ND.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".