Folic Acid Supplementation Inhibits Proliferative Retinopathy of Prematurity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the major cause of blindness in children. It is a biphasic disease with retinal vessel growth cessation and loss (Phase I) followed by uncontrolled retinal vessel growth (Phase II). Folate is an essential nutrient for fetal development and growth. Premature infants have a high risk for folate deficiency. However, the contribution of folate to ROP risk remains unknown. Methods: In mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), the nursing dams were fed with a folic acid-deficient or control diet after delivery until the end of hyperoxia. Alternatively, pups received direct injection of either folic acid or vehicle during Phase I hyperoxia. Genes involved in the folate cycle and angiogenic responses were examined using real-time PCR. Total retinal folate levels were measured with the Lactobacillus casei assay. Results: Maternal folic acid deficiency in early life exacerbated pathological retinal vessel growth, while supplementation with folic acid suppressed it. Genes involved in the folate cycle were downregulated in Phase I OIR retinas and were highly expressed in Müller glia. Folic acid reduced pro-angiogenic signaling in cultured rat retinal Müller glia in vitro. Conclusions: Appropriate supplementation of folic acid might be a new and safe treatment for ROP at an early stage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".