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Record W4407724746 · doi:10.3138/cmlr-2024-0001

Monologues from the Minoritized: Racialized Students’ Experiences in French Immersion

2025· article· en· W4407724746 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Marika Kunnas

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMultilingual Education and Policy
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
Fundersnot available
KeywordsImmersion (mathematics)SociologyPsychologyGender studiesMathematicsGeometry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper presents three monologues created from an arts-based doctoral study investigating race and racism in French immersion programs in Ontario. French immersion has been criticized for being exclusionary, especially based on race ( Yoon & Gulson, 2010 ), special education status ( Wise, 2011 ), nationality, and home language ( Mady, 2013 ). In this study, three racialized minority French immersion students shared counter-stories and created monologues highlighting their overall thoughts and experiences related to race and racism in French immersion. Two participants created videos to accompany their monologue, while the third created an audio recording. Participant monologues are analyzed through the lens of critical race theory ( Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995 ), using thematic analysis ( Nowell, Norris, White, & Moules, 2017 ) and critical discourse analysis ( Wodak & Meyer, 2016 ). Findings show that student experiences were negatively impacted by racism and lack of representation in French immersion programs. Racism was rarely challenged by teachers, administrators, or peers. Despite participants being upset about racism, racism was expected and inevitable. Indeed, participants were more concerned about French proficiency than the racism they were experiencing. These findings show a concerning need for anti-racist action and pedagogy in French immersion. Given the small sample size, more research investigating race in French immersion is needed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.925
Threshold uncertainty score0.149

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0170.008
Scholarly communication0.0070.002
Open science0.0010.008
Research integrity0.0020.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.371
Teacher spread0.342 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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