Light-Driven Abiotic Formation of Dimethyl Selenyl Sulfide in the Liquid and Gas Phases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biogenically produced volatile organic selenium (Se) species such as dimethyl selenyl sulfide (CH 3 SeSCH 3 ) and dimethyl diselenide (CH 3 SeSeCH 3 ) are important sources of Se in the atmosphere. Once emitted, Se can travel through the atmosphere and subsequently deposit to soils, impacting available Se in food crops. To improve the predictive capabilities of the sources and sinks of CH 3 SeSCH 3, we studied its abiotic light-driven formation and subsequent photochemical decay. Upon UVA irradiation of CH 3 SeSeCH 3 and its more abundant sulfur analogue, dimethyl disulfide (CH 3 SSCH 3 ), we observed the formation of CH 3 SeSCH 3 in both the liquid and gas phases. We unambiguously confirmed the synthesis of CH 3 SeSCH 3 by GC-MS and 1 H, 13 C, and 77 Se NMR spectroscopy before studying this process by online Vocus mass spectrometry in the gas phase. The photolysis by UVA light produced selenyl and thiyl radicals, which formed CH 3 SeSCH 3 in 36% yield. Moreover, we identified photo-oxidation products and subsequent SOA formation. Our mechanistic analysis concludes that the detection of CH 3 SeSCH 3 in the environment coexists with CH 3 SeSeCH 3 and CH 3 SSCH 3 . Thus, CH 3 SeSCH 3 in the environment, for example, above a phytoplankton bloom, may have a combination of both primary and secondary sources. Our study shines light on CH 3 SeSCH 3 ’s synthesis, isolation, and environmental transformations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".