Investigation of the Impact of Different Materials on the Efficiency of Lead-free Perovskite Solar Cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A solar cell is an electrical device that converts light energy into electrical energy via the photovoltaic effect. Sometimes called a photovoltaic cell or PV cell. In essence, a solar cell is a p-n junction diode. Solar cells are a type of photoelectric cell, which is characterized as an apparatus that changes its electrical properties in response to light, including resistance, voltage, and current. Organic-inorganic halide-based perovskite solar systems are getting closer to commercialization and have become more efficient. Because lead-based perovskite materials have toxicity issues, the scientific community has recently become interested in lead-free alternatives. A lead-free n-i-p based planar heterostructure perovskite solar cell made of intrinsic-CH3NH3SnI3 methyl ammonium tin iodide (MASnI3) as an i- and p-layer Spiro-OMeTAD with SnO2 for the n layer is optimized for device efficiency using SCAPS numerical simulation. The 3rd layer (electron layer) is modified with an efficiency of 2.03%, with another material SnO2, as the efficiency increased to 2.62%, Voc of 0.6428V, Jsc = 6.44 mA/cm2, and FF of 63.40% are achieved. After that the cell layers of the cell are optimized to achieve the highest efficiency of 10.13%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".