Seismic design and performance evaluation of post‐tensioned CLT shear walls with coupling U‐shaped flexural plates in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Post‐tensioned cross‐laminated timber (PT‐CLT) walls coupled with U‐shaped flexural plates (UFPs) have proved to be a low‐damage seismic force‐resisting system (SFRS) due to their self‐centering capability and stable energy dissipation. Global efforts have been made to explore the applicability of PT‐CLT walls as primary SFRSs in mass timber buildings. Adoption of the sixth‐generation Seismic Hazard Model (SHM6) in the 2020 National Building Code of Canada resulted in a nationwide increase in seismic hazard. Given the increased popularity of mass timber buildings and the elevated seismic hazard, a comprehensive study is required to examine their performance in high seismic regions with complex seismotectonics, such as southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Therefore, this article presents the seismic design and performance evaluation of three‐, six‐, and nine‐story mass timber buildings that use PT‐CLT shear walls with coupling UFPs as SFRS for the seismicity of Vancouver, Canada. The prototype buildings were designed using the direct displacement‐based design (DDBD) approach considering the SHM6. Two‐dimensional fiber‐based numerical models were developed in OpenSeesPy and validated with full‐scale quasi‐static cyclic and shaking table experimental tests. Nonlinear static and response history analyses were carried out to assess the structural responses and validate the DDBD procedure. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were conducted using 80 ground motions selected for each building to develop fragilities and to estimate collapse margin ratios (CMRs). The IDA results demonstrate that all the examined buildings have adequate CMRs compared with acceptable limits in the literature. Overall, this study demonstrated that PT‐CLT walls with coupling UFPs are a potential SFRS alternative in Canada's high seismic‐risk regions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".