Amino acid profile, peptide size distribution, antioxidant effect, and enzyme inhibitory activities of fava bean ( <i>Vicia fava</i> ) protein hydrolyzates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the amino acid profile, peptide molecular size distribution, antioxidant effects, and enzyme inhibitory activity of fava bean protein hydrolyzates (FBPHs). The hydrolyzates were prepared using six proteases: alcalase hydrolyzate (ALCH), chymotrypsin hydrolyzate (CHYH), flavourzyme hydrolyzate (FAVH), pepsin hydrolyzate (PEPH), thermoase hydrolyzate (THEH), and trypsin hydrolyzate (TRYH). Results showed that FAVH and PEPH had significantly (p < .05) higher contents of histidine and proline, respectively. ALCH, FAVH, TRYH, and CHYH had narrower (0.19–4.9 kDa) peptide size distribution than PEPH (0.19–6.9 kDa) and THEH (0.19–11.3 kDa). FAVH had significantly (p < .05) stronger ability to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as well as inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation when compared to the other FBPHs. In addition, FAVH also showed the strongest (p < .05) inhibition of α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and arginase activities. However, PEPH had the strongest (p < .05) inhibition of α-amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme, while THEH inhibited renin activity the most. It is concluded that hydrolysis of fava bean protein with flavourzyme generated the most active peptide followed by pepsin hydrolysis. Therefore, FAVH and PEP could be used to produce peptides with functional properties against oxidative stress and associated degenerative diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".