Global Theories, Chronologies, and Geographies of Realism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter discusses global theories, chronologies, and geographies of realism, laying out the organizational principles of The Oxford Handbook of Global Realisms. Realism is an artistic practice that aims to faithfully represent reality. Historically, realism has been practiced across different media, from early pictorial art and epic oral narratives through literature and visual arts to film, music, and digital media. However, an understanding of what it means to “faithfully represent reality” is not universal; rather, it varies from culture to culture. This handbook brings the diversity of global realisms—literary, visual, sonic, dramatic, and digital; Victorian and modernist; socialist, capitalist, magical and marvelous, postcolonial, environmental, and posthuman—to the fore. By foregrounding theories, practices, and forms of realism that are less well known to anglophone readers than “classic” realisms, the handbook revises the Eurocentric geography of the concept. It offers a broad chronology that overcomes the habitual fixation in studies of realism on the nineteenth century as its starting point and offers, instead, a more flexible timeline of this artistic practice. This chapter offers an overview of the handbook’s four sections—“Theories of Global Realism,” “Practices of Global Realism,” “Global Realisms and the Novel,” and “Intermedial Global Realisms”—as well as a short summary of each chapter. This chapter, and the volume as a whole, present therefore a global view of realism through contextualized case studies, which showcase previously underrepresented and marginalized theories, practices, forms, and media of realist cultural production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".