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Record W4407803294 · doi:10.1075/rmal.8.13jac

When children don’t learn to read

2025· book-chapter· en· W4407803294 on OpenAlexaff
Sandra Jack-Malik, Janet L. Kuhnke

Bibliographic record

VenueResearch methods in applied linguistics · 2025
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicReading and Literacy Development
Canadian institutionsCape Breton University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPsychologyComputer scienceMathematics education

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Children who learn to read fluently are more likely to experience academic success. Many youngsters however fail to meet literacy, learning outcomes. This chapter describes a study involving children in grade three, labelled as struggling readers. Using narrative inquiry as the research methodology, we worked in partnership with the principal and classroom teacher to co-design a study including a structured literacy intervention. Narrative inquiry methodology was utilized because it supports the collection of rich data (stories). Using the narrative inquiry framework of commonplaces: temporality, sociality and place, the research was designed, lived out, analyzed, and reported. The methodology also provided a framework for dealing with ethical challenges encountered. Our goal was to come alongside children, families and teachers through time to deepen understandings of how they experienced learning to read and reading remediation. We were interested in understanding efforts to shift away from struggling reader identity stories. Included is an overall narrative of the study and participant and researcher stories. Furthermore, researcher and participant artwork and artifacts are embedded because they provide nuances beyond words on the page. We attended a First Nation’s in-community school, two mornings per week over five-months. Our plan had been to conduct the research over a two-year period, following the children from grade three to four. The plan, however, was interrupted by the global pandemic and related restrictions on school access.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.011
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.777
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0110.007
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.149
GPT teacher head0.530
Teacher spread0.381 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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