All‐Dielectric Metawaveguide Ring Resonators with Deeply Sub‐Diffractive Mode Volumes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators provide an essential platform for various optical applications but are typically limited to mode volumes V ≈2π R (λ 0 /2 n ) 2 where R is the bend radius and n is the refractive index. Here, the theory, simulation, and experimental realization of WGM resonators capable of achieving deeply sub‐diffractive mode volumes are presented, V << 2π R (λ 0 /2 n ) 2 , while preserving high Q factors. Rather than relying on plasmonics to reduce the mode volume, the work relies on all‐dielectric metamaterial waveguides that support localized field enhancements within the high index medium. Combined with the excitation of standing wave rather than traveling wave WGM resonances, it is shown how the mode volume of a silicon microring resonator can be reduced by factors >10 – 100 depending upon nanostructure dimensions and choice of cladding. The analysis further suggests a lower bound for the sub‐diffractive all‐dielectric mode volume, V min ’ , which scales in proportion to the mode order m times the refractive index raised to the seventh power, i.e.: V min ’ ≈ mn −7 . Experimentally, these sub‐diffractive WGM devices are shown to support standing wave resonances while maintaining high intrinsic quality factors ≈10 4 –10 5 . These metawaveguide ring resonators present a promising WGM platform for interfacing wavelength‐scale optics with sub‐wavelength matter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".