Oxidation kinetics and crystal structure of high-titanium slag containing sodium salt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel technology was suggested to obtain the high-quality upgraded titanium raw materials for chlorination process through semi-molten states reduction with sodium salt and magnetic separation. The oxidation behavior and crystal structure of the obtained high-titanium slag containing sodium salt were studied. The Me3O5 solid solution is a uniform solid solution formed by doping Fe2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ in the Ti ion occupancy sites based on the Ti3O5 component. Doping of these impurities cause a decrease in lattice volume, which induces the lattice to distort. As the oxidation progresses, the Me3O5 solid solution was oxidized to Anatase, and impurity elements such as Fe were doped into the Ti ion vacancies in Na0.24TiO2 to form sodium-titanium-iron oxide. Anatase was completely transformed into Rutile when the oxidation temperature increased to 900 °C, untransformed Anatase reacted with the sodium-titanium-iron oxide to form sodium-titanium oxide. At 550 °C, 600 °C, and 650 °C, the reaction was controlled by chemical reaction and gas diffusion, the apparent activation energy was 231.48 kJ/mol kJ/mol. At 650 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, the reaction is controlled by gas diffusion, the apparent activation energy was 6.52 kJ/mol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".