Investigating factors affecting the quality of life of women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a significant proportion of pregnant women, impacting both physical and psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing quality of life (QoL) in women with GDM. METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024612587). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and CINAHL, using MeSH terms related to gestational diabetes and quality of life. Eligible studies included adult women with gestational diabetes and assessed factors influencing their quality of life. The included studies were related to various stages including antenatal, during pregnancy or postpartum. Data extraction was performed independently by two authors, and study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Statistical analyses were conducted in STATA, including meta-analysis with a random-effects model. FINDINGS: The findings reveal that women with GDM experience significantly lower QoL compared to healthy pregnant women, with sexual dysfunction being a notable contributor. Women with GDM reported lower sexual desire, satisfaction, and higher pain levels, which were significantly associated with poorer QoL, particularly in mental health and pain domains. Socio-demographic factors such as age, education, income, and marital status were significantly linked to QoL, with younger women and those with lower education or income reporting poorer outcomes. Psychological factors, including stress, depression, and anxiety, negatively impacted QoL, while social support, self-efficacy, and illness acceptance were positively correlated with better QoL outcomes. Additionally, stress was found to be the main predictor of QoL for women over 30, while social relationships were more important for younger women. Treatment with insulin or a combination of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents was associated with lower QoL compared to dietary management alone. CONCLUSION: This systematic review identified key psychosocial and medical factors influencing the quality of life in women with gestational diabetes. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing psychological well-being, social support, and treatment approaches to enhance QoL in these women. Further research is needed to explore interventions targeting mental health and stress management to improve outcomes for women with gestational diabetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.038 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.031 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".