Probiotics Impact on Cognitive Ability and Emotionsin Adolescents: A Brain-Gut Axis Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Gut-Brain Axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS), with recent research highlighting the key role of gut microbiota in regulating GBA functions. This study aims to explore the effects of probiotics on adolescents’ cognitive abilities, memory, and emotions. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 15 healthy adolescents aged 15 to 18, randomly assigned to a treatment group receiving probiotics and a control group receiving a placebo. The study included baseline assessments, a four-week intervention, and post-intervention evaluations using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The MoCA scores showed significant cognitive improvement in the treatment group, while the control group’s improvement was not significant. PANAS scores indicated a significant increase in positive emotions in the treatment group, with no notable changes in the control group. The results support the hypothesis that probiotics positively impact adolescent cognitive function and emotional state by regulating gut microbiota. Despite the limited sample size, this study provides preliminary scientific evidence for the potential therapeutic application of probiotics in adolescents. Future studies should include larger sample sizes and longer intervention periods to further validate these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".