Prevalence and patterns of comorbidities in psoriasis: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by red, scaly patches on the skin, often causing itching. Psoriasis manifests in several forms, with plaque psoriasis being the most common. This condition affects the skin, nails, joints, and other systems, leading to significant comorbidities like cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. These comorbidities, seen in two-thirds of patients, highlight the systemic inflammatory nature of psoriasis. Understanding these associations is crucial for dermatologists to provide comprehensive care for affected individuals. The study aims to investigate the comorbidities associated with psoriasis. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, including 120 adult psoriasis patients over one year. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: The most common age group was 41-50 years (30%), and the mean age of 43.63±13.69 years. Males comprised 60% of the population. Disease duration was up to 5 years for 80% of participants. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (50%), followed by obesity (41.67%), dyslipidemia (33.33%), diabetes mellitus (25%), and metabolic syndrome (16.67%). Chronic plaque psoriasis was most prevalent (66.67%). Severity distribution indicated that 75% had mild/moderate psoriasis. Comparisons revealed no significant differences in comorbidities across psoriasis types or severity groups. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant burden of comorbidities among psoriasis patients, particularly hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. These conditions were prevalent regardless of psoriasis type or severity, underscoring the systemic nature of psoriasis and the need for comprehensive patient management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".