Fine mapping and identification of causal alleles at the Ur-11 locus controlling rust resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Middle American rust resistance gene Ur-11 present in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) confers resistance to all but one known race of the pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger. Even though progress has been made in understanding the host-pathogen interactions between common bean and U. appendiculatus, the causal alleles of the majority of rust resistance loci, including Ur-11, remain unknown. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify genomic regions associated with resistance to the U. appendiculatus race 31-22, which is avirulent to Ur-11 but virulent to other Middle American rust resistance genes. GWAS using genotypic data consisting of approximately 70,959 SNP markers and phenotypic data based on the median reaction type (1-9 scale) of a panel of 357 Middle American breeding lines and cultivars, plus 5 germplasm lines with the Ur-11 locus derived from PI 181996, located Ur-11 on chromosome Pv11. Twenty-seven SNP markers clustered in the 55.16-55.56 Mb region of the P. vulgaris UI111 reference. Multiple DNA sequence alignments detected a missense mutation [c.1,328A > G] in the PvUI111.11G202400 gene model that encodes a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein in response to race 31-22. A PCR allele competitive extension marker (PACE) was developed and tested across a panel of ~ 700 Middle American dry bean genotypes. No recombination event was observed for the PACE marker among the tested genotypes; suggesting that the polymorphism on which it is based is very close to or in the Ur-11 gene. This PACE marker will be a useful and reliable marker for marker-assisted selection of Ur-11-based resistance to bean rust.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".