The effect of national origin and gender on the cultural participation of immigrants in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, international labor migration has been a significant issue for modern societies. This migration significantly contributes to economies but also presents integration challenges. Integration is often studied from the economic, educational, health, and social services aspects. However, participation in cultural and leisure activities is increasingly crucial for integration. Research on leisure and cultural participation among immigrants has gained considerable popularity, yet studies of gender differences among immigrant groups remain limited. This article examines the influence of national origin and gender on engagement in cultural and leisure activities in Quebec.Methodology This article uses data collected in 2020 from 1,113 immigrants and 450 native-born Canadians in a unique survey on individual trajectories and participation dynamics of native-born Canadians and immigrants in Quebec. Using confirmatory factor analysis, binomial, and Tobit regressions, we examine differences in cultural participation between men and women among native-born Canadians and immigrants from various national origins.Results The results show disparities in cultural participation between immigrants, native-born Canadians, and men and women. Gender disparities are more pronounced for women from Africa, Latin America/Caribbean, and Asia/Middle East. These findings suggest that acculturation influences cultural activities and leisure in the host country.Contribution This article discusses the role of leisure and cultural participation in the immigrant’s integration and acculturation process. By examining differences based on gender and national origin, this research enhances our understanding of the gender gap in leisure and cultural participation among immigrants. It also offers directions for future research and policy implications to promote programs that foster intercultural relations and interventions to reduce gender disparities in cultural participation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".