The thick-billed murre (<i>Uria lomvia</i>) in Northwest Greenland (Avanersuaq) relies on Arctic cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>) in a changing climate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Considering seabirds as indicators of environmental change, we compared thick-billed murre ( Uria lomvia (Linnaeus, 1758)) adult and chick diet in the North Water polynya region, NW Greenland, during 1997 and 2023. In the adult murre diet, fish accounted for 86% and 42% of food items by number, and 99% by wet mass (WM) in both 1997 and 2023. Arctic cod ( Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)) was the most important prey, contributing 90% and 99% of WM in 1997 and 2023, respectively. In 1997 the murres ate mostly small 1-year-old cod but in 2023 they mainly took larger 2- and 3-year-old Arctic cod. In the chick diet, gadids contributed 71% and 86% of prey items brought to the chicks in 1997 and 2023, respectively, supplemented by sculpins and eelpouts in 1997. Capelin ( Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)) increasingly occur in the area but did not appear in the murre diet. The study highlights a consistent reliance on Arctic cod, although with differences between sampling years in size of ingested specimens. We recommend continued monitoring of top predator diets, coupled with local knowledge, to understand the impacts of ongoing changes in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".