Trends and Financial Burden of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the United States: A Comprehensive Analysis of United States Hospitalizations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are associated with a substantial economic burden to the healthcare system despite their relatively low incidence and prevalence compared to other more common malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate trends in GIST-related hospitalizations, inpatient mortality, and the financial burden of GISTs in the United States. Methods: -tests was performed using SAS 9.4 software to analyze inpatient GIST-associated mortality, inflation-adjusted total hospital charge (THC), and length of stay (LOS) during the study period. Results: The study analyzed 48,690 hospitalizations (49.2% female, mean age 64.2 years, 38.2% elective admissions) with a primary diagnosis of GIST between 2016 and 2020. Annual GIST-related hospitalizations increased from 2,645 in 2016 to 11,565 in 2020 (P = 0.1208). The most common tumor location was stomach (48.5%), followed by small intestine (18.7%), large intestine (3.6%), and rectum (1.6%). There was a non-significant reduction in inpatient mortality from 4.16% in 2016 to 3.29% in 2020 (P = 0.807). Overall, 36.2% of patients had THC between $10,000 and $20,000 (36.5% in 2016 vs. 34.7% in 2020, P = 0.0001), and 9.8% of patients had a THC > $40,000 (8.3% in 2016 vs. 12.6% in 2020, P = 0.0001). Furthermore, 61.5% of patients had LOS of fewer than 5 days (59.16% in 2016 vs. 61.39% by 2020, P = 0.0001), and 38.5% had LOS of 5 days or more (40.84% in 2016 vs. 38.61% in 2020, P = 0.0001). The proportion of GISTs treated with endoscopic resection has remained stable with 13.02% in 2016 and 13.01% in 2020 (P = 0.08). Additionally, the proportion of surgical excisions decreased from 26.8% in 2016 to 21.4% in 2020 with a statistically significant trend (P = 0.004). Conclusions: GIST-related inpatient mortality between 2016 and 2020 has remained stable, and endoscopic and surgical interventions have become more common for the management of GISTs. This has been accompanied by a significant rise in overall inflation-adjusted hospitalization costs in the study period. These findings highlight the need for continued optimization of care and resource allocation for GIST management.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".