A comprehensive evaluation of the low-velocity impact behaviour of intraply hybrid flax/basalt composites using infrared thermography and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy techniques
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-velocity impacts severely jeopardize the structural reliability of polymer composites. In view of this, a thorough evaluation of the impact damage of the polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with an ecofriendly intraply flax/basalt hybrid fabric was performed based on infrared thermography (including pulsed thermography, linear scanning thermography) and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) techniques. However, the main problem is the lack of multi-source fusion technique regarding more than two sensors, and the discussions regarding homologous fusion (pulsed thermography and linear scanning thermography), and non-homologous fusion (infrared thermography and THz-TDS). In this work, a comprehensive evaluation for the impact resistance of hybrid polymer composites was conducted, including detecting the uneven resin distribution and exploring new multi-sources fusion strategy. The experimental results demonstrate the superior capability of multi-source fusion techniques. • An improved pulsed phase thermography method is discussed to reduce noise caused by the fibre weaving patterns. This novel technique can increase at least 1/6-fold over the original version. • A new multi-fusion strategy based on Dempster-Shafer theory and unsupervised network U2Fusion is proposed. • A normalized time-domain integration (NTDI) method is presented to efficiently and accurately identify the uneven resin distribution.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it