Episodic memory improvement in healthy participants by TMS at the medial frontal cortex guided by personalized fMRI
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) were two common deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets for idiopathic craniofacial dystonia (iCFD), but related network effects remain unclear.Objective: We aimed to characterize the relationship between white matter tract engagement, functional connectivity, and clinical outcome in 70 iCFD Patients underwent bilateral DBS.A large cohort (n48, 21 GPi-DBS, 27 STN-DBS) was utilized for training, while a smaller cohort (n 22, 9 GPi-DBS, 13 STN-DBS) was used for out-of-sample validation.Methods: Univariate and multivariate regression was employed to assess the influence of clinical characteristics.Advanced normalization and preconstruction tools were utilized for precise electrode localization.Then, we explored which tracts account for optimal clinical improvements.We also explored global effects based on the functional connectome.Results: The improvement after GPi-DBS and STN-DBS was both associated with stimulation of tracts connected to primary motor cortex., while the hyperdirect pathways to the supplementary motor cortex were also associated with dystonia alleviation for STN-DBS.Modulation of the indirect pathway tracts connecting the sensorimotor STN with the GPi and GPe accounted for optimal treatment for both groups.Furthermore, a common multisynaptic brain network including positive connectivity to the cerebellum, primary motor cortex and supplementary motor cortex was identified for both groups.Conclusions: iCFD is improved with modulation of the primary-motorcorticofugal tracts and posterior STN-GP tracts for both GPi-DBS and STN-DBS, while supplementary-motor-corticofugal tracts are also responsible for the STN-DBS effects.The optimal stimulation networks for this two groups share a common whole-brain network.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".