Investigating the association between pubertal stage and TMS resting motor threshold values
Bibliographic record
Abstract
significantly affects local brain oscillations and phase dynamics, its effects on global network dynamics remain less understood.This study uses electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis to explore TMS effects on global brain dynamics.Single-pulse TMS was applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left primary motor cortex (M1) while recording EEG from 34 healthy participants.Five canonical microstates (A, B, C, D, E) and their dynamics were extracted.T-tests with cluster-based permutations were used to assess changes in microstate occurrences and transitions post-TMS.Paired t-tests with cluster-based permutations assessed how changes in microstate features following TMS differed between the DLPFC and M1.These analyses were replicated in 22 participants who underwent repeated testing.TMS to both sites significantly induced changes in microstate occurrences and transitions.DLPFC stimulation increased occurrences of microstates C, D, and E, while decreasing A and B, with bidirectional transitions A-B and A-E decreasing, and C-D and D-E increasing.M1 stimulation increased occurrence of microstates A and D, and their transitions, while decreasing B and E. Comparison between stimulation sites revealed microstates A, C, and E exhibited opposite changes following DLPFC vs M1 stimulation.Moreover, microstate B decreased more, and microstate D increased more after DLPFC stimulation than after M1.These statistically significant findings were replicated in a repeated session.The observed changes in microstates post-TMS likely result from temporary heightened activation of the stimulated network, providing new insights into the neural mechanisms of TMS and cortical excitability.This could further our understanding of how focal perturbations influence global brain dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".