Deep brain stimulation mitigates memory deficits in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a debilitating musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, fatigue, and depressed mood.Fibromyalgia affects 1.7% of Canadians, with a higher prevalence in females compared to males at a 9:1 ratio.The etiology is not well defined and chronic pain in fibromyalgia arises in the absence of tissue pathology, and consequently a lack of consensus on reliable diagnostic criteria.Current treatments often provide limited relief with adverse effects.High-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is investigated as a therapeutic method for chronic pain to achieve analgesic-like effects.Studies targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) with rTMS have demonstrated reduced pain perception in fibromyalgia patients, though findings are inconsistent.Controlled pulse parameter TMS (cTMS) builds upon traditional rTMS, using monophasic pulses that can induce more profound and longerlasting changes in cortical excitability.Monophasic pulses activate more uniform populations of interneurons, leading to a cumulative effect that has greater changes in synaptic strength and neuronal activity.Thus, the proposed study aims to investigate the impact of a two-week intervention, 10 sessions in total, of active versus sham 10 Hz cTMS in individuals with fibromyalgia.Participants were pseudo-randomized to active or sham cTMS groups and outcomes were taken before, immediately following, and 3-months post-intervention.The primary outcome was pain intensity assessed using a numerical rating scale.Secondary outcomes included the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Euro 5-QoL, PROMIS-29 v2.1, activity levels, and patient-perceived global index of change (PGIC).Preliminary data suggests that cTMS reduces pain intensity as well as improves physical function, PCS, and activity levels.There was no difference in FIQ, PGIC, fatigue, or QoL.This is the first study of its kind to investigate the use of 10 Hz cTMS in fibromyalgia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".