A role for NFIB in <i>SOX2</i> downregulation and epigenome accessibility changes due to long-term estrogen treatment of breast cancer epithelial cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) regulates the differentiation and proliferation of mammary progenitor cells by modulating the transcription of multiple genes. One of the genes that is downregulated by E2 is SOX2, a transcription factor associated with stem and progenitor cells that is overexpressed during breast tumourigenesis. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying E2-mediated SOX2 repression, we investigated epigenome and transcriptome changes following short- and long-term E2 exposure in breast cancer cells. We found that short-term E2 exposure reduces chromatin accessibility at the downstream SOX2 SRR134 enhancer, decreasing SOX2 expression. In contrast, long-term E2 exposure completely represses SOX2 transcription while maintaining accessibility at the SRR124–134 enhancer cluster, keeping it poised for reactivation. This repression was accompanied by widespread epigenome and transcriptome changes associated with commitment towards a more differentiated and less invasive luminal phenotype. Finally, we identified a role for the transcription factor NFIB in this process, suggesting it collaborates with the estrogen receptor to mediate SOX2 repression and genome-wide epigenome accessibility changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".