Internal migration, precarious housing and health issues in urban Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Most housing forms and living arrangements in contemporary African cities poorly address the needs of mobile populations. This paper therefore explores the housing and living conditions that emerge from the temporal mobility patterns practised by poor, low-income internal migrants and health issues emanating from such living and housing arrangements. The study is based on 71 semi-structured interviews with internal migrants—head porters (locally known as kayayei )—who primarily migrated from northern Ghana to the central part of the country, Kumasi. The findings demonstrate that in addition to the health problems arising from the physically demanding nature of their work, all participants endure precarious housing conditions, further exacerbating their health issues. More importantly, it is argued here that the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened their socio-economic vulnerability and instability. The implications of these findings are significant for policies related to housing, health and (internal) migration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".