Early age-related changes to articular cartilage T1ρ in hips with Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease deformity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To determine whether the relationship between cartilage T 1ρ relaxation time and age during adolescence and young adulthood is different in hips with Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) deformity compared to hips without LCPD deformity. Design We recruited 17 participants with LCPD deformity and 15 control participants aged 10–25 years in this frequency-matched cohort study. Quantitative magnetic resonance images were obtained for both hips in LCPD participants and one hip from each control using a T 1ρ MAPSS sequence. The average T 1ρ relaxation time in the weight-bearing articular cartilage was calculated, and we tested the interacting effects of age and participant group (LCPD vs non-LCPD) or subgroup (control, contralateral LCPD, spherical LCPD, and aspherical LCPD) on T 1ρ using mixed effects models. Results The main effect of age on T 1ρ relaxation time in hips without LCPD deformity was −0.63 ms/year (95 % confidence interval [−0.94, −0.32]). The age-adjusted main effect of LCPD deformity was +2.93 ms [0.65, 3.42] and the interaction effect of age and LCPD deformity was +0.46 ms/year [0.16, 0.76]. Moderate differences were observed between control and contralateral LCPD subgroups, and between spherical LCPD and aspherical LCPD subgroups. Conclusions Age-related changes in T 1ρ relaxation time differ between hips with and without LCPD deformity, suggesting that cartilage degradation in LCPD is progressive and begins early in the healed stage of LCPD. By young adulthood, the difference in T 1ρ between LCPD and non-LCPD hips is clinically important when considering osteoarthritis progression and outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".