Evidence for a Greater Pleistocene Distribution for the Copper Redhorse in North America (Catostomidae: Moxostoma hubbsi)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A pharyngeal jaw and loose pharyngeal teeth from Prairie Creek, Indiana, and loose pharyngeal teeth and two basioccipital pharyngeal processes from Bell Cave, Alabama, appear to be those of Moxostoma hubbsi (Copper Redhorse). Among suckers, only M. carinatum, M. hubbsi, M. robustum, and M. ugidatli have molariform teeth on their pharyngeal jaws, with M. hubbsi having the teeth of the largest relative size. Measurements of most of the teeth from Prairie Creek overlap with those of M. hubbsi, and the largest tooth from Bell Cave is the largest pharyngeal tooth measured. The more complete pharyngeal process of the basioccipital possesses a small condyle and stout processes along it that are indicative of M. hubbsi as well as a smaller centrum for articulation with the Weberian complex. Moxostoma hubbsi currently occupies an area around Montreal, Canada, that was glaciated at the time the fossils were laid down, and the area was later occupied by the Champlain Sea and Lampsilis Lake before becoming riverine about 6000–5000 years ago, meaning that M. hubbsi had to have arrived at its current distribution relatively recently and been extirpated from elsewhere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".