Dissolved organic carbon suppresses benthivorous fish biomass by mediating invertebrate resources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Benthic invertebrates and benthivorous White Sucker ( Catostomus commersonii) were surveyed in eight stratified boreal lakes with DOC concentrations ranging from 3.5 to 9.2 mg. L−1 at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area (IISD ELA) in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Chironomids dominated benthic invertebrate biomass and White Sucker was the dominant fish species. Both White Sucker biomass-catch-per-unit-effort (BPUE) and chironomid biomass were positively correlated with mean light irradiance. Higher biomasses of fish and chironomids occurred in lakes with a higher proportion of their volume in the photic zone, which was a function of both DOC concentrations and lake basin morphometry. White Sucker BPUE was also strongly positively correlated with chironomid biomass. A mixing model using stable isotopes indicated that allochthony increased with DOC for both littoral benthic invertebrates and White Sucker. Greater allochthony was also correlated with lower invertebrate biomass and White Sucker BPUE. Our results suggest that DOC suppresses benthivorous fish by reducing the availability of critical food resources. Chironomid biomass appears to decrease with DOC because of lower light penetration that potentially affects primary productivity and the quality of their food resources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".