COVID-19 Stigma and Resource Loss: Predicting Post-Traumatic Stress and Vaccine Support in Vietnam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Public health officials reported increases in stigma, discrimination, and verbal and physical abuse during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This study, conducted in Vietnam, examined how stigma, fear of the virus, self-protective behaviors, and threats to and loss of resources during the pandemic were associated with post-traumatic stress and belief in vaccine effectiveness. Participants were 380 persons (237 women, 129 men, 14 unreported) who completed measures assessing demographics, stigma experienced during the pandemic, resource loss, fear about becoming infected with the virus, self-protective actions to avoid illness, post-traumatic stress, and belief in COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness. Hierarchical multiple regression showed post-traumatic stress was positively associated with COVID-19 stigma personal experience, minimizing the COVID-19 threat, personal characteristic and support resource loss, perceived susceptibility to illness, and fear of COVID-19. Vaccine support was positively associated with age, COVID-19 stigma personal experience, and self-protective behaviors to avoid illness, and negatively associated with number of people known who died due to the virus. The findings support the hypotheses and extend conservation of resources stress theory. The findings underscore the importance of promptly addressing stigma, enhancing public education, and addressing barriers to receiving the vaccine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".