Histopathological characteristics of keratoconus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose: Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral and asymmetrical corneal ectasia that affects vision. In this study, we performed a histopathological analysis of 150 cases of KC, to document and catalogue the primary morphological features of cornea with KC. Subjects and Methods: The corneas were obtained from penetrating keratoplasties at the MUHC – McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Information was obtained for age and sex at time of surgery. Results: The histopathological characteristics were breaks in Bowman’s layer in 91% ( n = 136), epithelial thinning in 87% ( n = 130), compaction of the stromal fibers in 65% ( n = 97), folds in Descemet’s membrane in 63% ( n = 94), endothelial cell loss in 31% ( n = 47), deep stromal scarring in 30% ( n = 45), epithelial scarring in 29% ( n = 44), superficial iron deposition in 27% ( n = 40), and breaks in Descemet’s membrane in 18% ( n = 27). Conclusion: These results further suggest that changes in the superficial layers, such as the epithelium and Bowman’s layer, precede stromal involvement. These results also confirmed previous data from a published study conducted in 2008.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".