Histopathological characteristics of keratoconus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose: Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral and asymmetrical corneal ectasia that affects vision. In this study, we performed a histopathological analysis of 150 cases of KC, to document and catalogue the primary morphological features of cornea with KC. Subjects and Methods: The corneas were obtained from penetrating keratoplasties at the MUHC – McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Information was obtained for age and sex at time of surgery. Results: The histopathological characteristics were breaks in Bowman’s layer in 91% ( n = 136), epithelial thinning in 87% ( n = 130), compaction of the stromal fibers in 65% ( n = 97), folds in Descemet’s membrane in 63% ( n = 94), endothelial cell loss in 31% ( n = 47), deep stromal scarring in 30% ( n = 45), epithelial scarring in 29% ( n = 44), superficial iron deposition in 27% ( n = 40), and breaks in Descemet’s membrane in 18% ( n = 27). Conclusion: These results further suggest that changes in the superficial layers, such as the epithelium and Bowman’s layer, precede stromal involvement. These results also confirmed previous data from a published study conducted in 2008.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".