Genetically distinct Hajj and South American-related strains of serogroup W Neisseria meningitidis causing invasive meningococcal disease in Ontario, Canada, January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2024
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the recent trends in serogroup W isolates from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases (MenW) in Ontario, Canada since 2015. METHODS: IMD case isolates in Ontario between January 1, 2015 and June 30, 2024 were examined by phenotypic and genetic methods for possession of vaccine antigen genes and clonal characteristics. MenW ST-11 clonal complex (CC) strains were compared against global MenW isolates by core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). RESULTS: The percentage of culture-confirmed IMD caused by MenW in Ontario increased from 10 % in 2015-40.9 % in the first half of 2024, consisting entirely of strains belonging to the ST-11 CC. cgMLST comparison of the Ontario invasive MenW isolates versus international MenW ST-11CC strains showed that the Ontario isolates were related to those found globally, with a recent cluster of eight cases from one city due to a strain highly related to international Umrah outbreak strains. Most MenW IMD cases (60 %) occurred in individuals older than 40 years of age and the majority (83.3 %) predicted to express antigens covered by the 4CMenB vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple different introductions of international MenW strains likely accounted for the recent shift towards invasive MenW disease in Ontario.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".